rd.h urKh iy .eyeksh ud <Õ§ tfyka fufyka lshejQ fmd;ls' th b;d jqjukdfjka lsheùug ug jqjukdjla fkdù h' Yío fldaI wkqj fkdfgdaßhia hkafkys isxy, w¾:h krl foa ksid m%isoaêhg m;a hkak h' tjeks .eyekqka .ek lshjñka ud .; lrk ld,h kdia;shla fkdjkafka o@ ;jo fmdf;a ku .ek o ud ;=< ishqï flaka;shla we;s úh' krl foa .ek m%isoaêhg m;a msßñ ,laI .Kka fj;s' Tjqka .ek ,shQ fujeks fmd;la ud oel ke;' fmdf;a l;=jrhd o wfYdala l=ud¾ I¾u kï jQ msßñfhls' tla w;lska Tyqg iudj Èh yels ula ksido fkdfgdaßhia msßñ .ek ,sùug .sh fyd;a ldKav odyla muK ,súh hq;= neúks' fï ksid fkdfgdaßhia úuka .ek muKla ,sùug Tyq woyia lrkakg we;' Tyq fï pß; fldfyka fidhd .;af;a o hkak uf.a B<Õ mekh úh' ula ksid o fkdfgdaßhia .eyekq fkdfyd;a wmlS¾;su;a pß; .; lrk .eyekq o rdYshls' Tjqka ish,a, u .ek ,shkakg .shfyd;a kej;;a ldKav .Kkdjla jeh jkq we;' Tyq cd;Ska wkqj j¾.SlrKhla lf<a o@ ta;a ke;' bka§h f,aLlfhl= jk fudyq hqfrdamSh yd weußlka ldka;djka muKla fkdj wdishd;sl ldka;djka o fï fmd;g we;<;a lr we;' ,dxlsl ldka;djla o fï w;r fõ' rdjKd hq.fha úiQ weh fï .Kfha me/Ks u l; jYfhka ie,elsh yels h' weh rdjKd rcqf.a fidfydhqßhls' ,xld jdiS wm j;a fkdokakd fidfydhqßhls' Tyq fï pß; m%nkaO lf<a o ke;' lSm fofkla u uE; pß; h' w.g u we;=,a l< ku we;s bkaÈhdkq pß;h ;ju;a Ôj;=ka w;r h' weh rEm iqkaoßhls' ku m%ñ,d h' fï l;=ka fndfyda fokd rEu;a wh h' úfYaIfhka u hqfrdamfha Tjqka ksid rcjre ish isyiqka yer .sfha h' wld,fha ìysiqKq urK j,g ,la jQy' ta fndfyda wjia:d fkdfgdaßhia l; w;sks' l=vd l< isg fï ldka;djka ovínr .;s fmkakqï l< nj fmfka' foudmshkag Tjqka fu,a, lr .ekSug mq¿jka jQfha ke;' fndfyda foudmshka krl w;g yereKq ;u fodaKshka .ek ÿlska ñh .sh nj fmfka' ovínr lu iu. ìh ke;s nj o kmqre nj o Tjqkaf.a ;j;a ,laIKhls' ñkS ueÍu mjd Tjqkag iq¿ fohls' ;u rg yer úfoia rg j,g f.dia wuq;= p¾hdj, fh§ug Tjqka melsÆfKa ke;' fydr ryia l%u fhdoñka ;u cd;sh mjd udre lr fndre kï j,ska fmkS isàu Tjqkag fi,a,uls' f,dalh u Tjqkag fi,a,ï msÜgkshls' tys Wmßu Okh" n,h yd rd.S wdiajdoh fidhd .ekSug Tjqka fkdl< fohla ke;s fia h' 1818 § Wmka whsßia cd;sl t,sid .s,anÜ C%ufhka iqrEmS ;reKshla jQjd h' wef.a mshd bkaÈhdfõ fiajh l< neúka weh Wmkafka l,algdfõ h' C%ufhka ÿmam;a l,algdj wehg isr f.hla úh' fï w;r wef.a uj weh 60 yeúßÈ úksYaphlrefjl=g újdy lr §ug wr wekaod h' weh lf<a l=ulao@ ,kavka k.rhg m,d hEu h' fï f.oßka uqo,a fidrd f.k h' ,kavkafha§ weh iamd[a[ cd;shg udre ù f,d,d fudkafgia hk ku mdúÉÑ l<d h' ta ish,a, u fydr u.ä ud¾.fhks' bkamiq Èú ul=Æ ke;skï gerkaáhq,d hk wuq;= kegqula mqreÿ lr f.k fm%alaIlhska jYS l<d h' Èú ul=Æ kegqfï § ;u we.g fï ul=Æjd ßx.d we;ehs hk ujd .;a NS;sfhka YÍrh fõ.fhka fid,jkq ,efí' iqrEmS ;reKshlf.a fujeks kegqul wdl¾IKAh nj wuq;=fhka lsj hq;= ke;' fm%aujka;fhda rdYshla weh jgd frdla jQy' weh ksid u rclu wysñ lr .;a nefõßhdfõ rcq o bka tla wfhla ùÆ' iqm%lg f,aLlhska lSm fofkla o weh weiqre l<y' fkamd, l=ufrl= o wef.a fm%au oe,g yiq úh' wef.a Èú ul=Æ kegqfuka rg rg j, msßñ .Kkdjla jYS l< weh urejdf.a jiÕhg .sfha ñ;=ßhf.a ksjil§ frda.S ùfuks' fuys wvx.= fndfyda l;=ka rc mjq,a j,g whs;sh ke;s kï wka;sfï§ rc mjq,a j,g iïnkaO jQy' la,sfhda meÜrd kï iqm%lg ñir /ðk fï lD;shg we;=,a lsÍu wreuhla fkdfõ' ldufha ¥;sh jYfhka ye¢kafjñka frdaufha iSi¾ yd udla wekagkS jeks uyd cj iïmkak whf.a iqr;,sh ù miqj ish Èú kid .;a weh .ek fndfyda foa ,sheù we;s neúka kj;sñ' tfy;a iaùvkfha ls%iaákd ìij .ek jeä fofkla wid ke;' iaj,sx.sl wdorjka;shka wehg jQy' tfy;a msßñkag o weh m%sh l<d h' mQcl jrfhl= o wef.a wdorjka;hl= úh' 1655 § mdma ;=ud neye oelSug .sh weh wdmiq wdfõ Tyq iu. l,y lrf.k h' wehg Nla;su;a lf;da,sl ldka;djla f,i Ôj;aùug Tyq lshd isá úg wef.a m%;sW;a;rh jQfha ldgj;a jyf,l= f,i Ôj;aùug weh wleue;s njhs' ta foúhka jykafiag o weh hg;a fkdjk nj fkdlshd lshd h' mdma ;=udg o fufia weh fu,a, lr .ekSug neß úh' f,dal ixpdrhl ksr; jQ weh 1680 § ñh .shd h' ;j;a b;d reÿre yd lduql pß;hla jQfha reishdfõ le;ßka ìijhs' fm%aujka;hska lSm fofkl= isá wehf.a wka;su fmïj;d wehg jir y;<sylska nd, úh' ;u ieñhd jQ fmda,a wêrdcHhd ueÍug wehg Wmldr jQfha fudyq h' tfy;a fï ;reK wdorjka;hd o tmd jQ weh wef.a iqr;,a iqkLhska g Tyqf.a ñkS uia ljk fodf<ka fmÆfKa Æ' tfy;a weh rdc;ka;%fhao YQr l;la úh' wef.a fmïj;=ka jßka jr reishdfõ udhsï ls%ñhdj fldflaishia l÷ jeáh yd lÆ uqyqo olajd jeä lr ÿkay' wfma me/Ks rdc jxY l;dfõ ufyaIsldjla isys.kajk pß;hla o fuys we;' fn,a .kia kï jQ ueh mqj;am;aj, oekaùï oeóu isß;la lr .;a;d h' jekaoUqjl jQ weh oekaùï oeïfï iyldrhl= m;d h' wefußldfõ weh i;= úYd, f.dú m,la úh' fuys iydhg h" weh iyldrfhla fiõfõ' tfy;a 1908 tla /hl fï f.dúmf<a yÈisfha" me;sreKq .skaklska weh o orejka ;sfokd o ñh .shy' miqj fï .skak jqjukdfjka u flfkl= we;s l< .skakla nj fidhd .eKsks' ta weh iu. wukdm jQ tys me/Ks fiajlhl= úisks' ysr ndrhg .;a fudyq lS wreu mqÿu lreK wkqj ta f.dúmf<a ñkS yd yd weg iels,s 100 200 w;r m%udKhla fidhd .; yels úh' ta ish,a, u fn,a yd iyjdifha fhÿKq msßñka f.a h' mqj;am;a oekaùï j,ska o fjk;a l%u j,ska o fidhd .kakd fudjqka fï ñkSure l; iu. Ôj;a jkafka Èk lSmhls' bka miq weh" Tyq urd oud ;j;a whl=f.a myi fidhhs' wef.a úYd, f.dúm, fjku u f,dalhla úh' tys isÿjk foa .ek ljqrej;a fkdo;a y' ,eïmsh¾ kï fiajlhd fkdisáfha kï wo;a ta ishÆ urK wìryia jYfhka mj;S' wefußldfõ fujeks .eyekq lSm fokl= fï fmdf;a pß; njg m;a ù we;' úrEmS l;=ka jQ fn,a iaܾ yd fndkS fjisÜ fï .Khg wh;a h' wefußldfõ ck mo ìys jk ld,fha jhs,Sâ fjiaÜ hk wrdðl m%foaYh odußlhkaf.a f;da;ekakla úh' fï fofokd Tjqkag iïnkaO ù úúO fidrlï yd ñkS ueÍï j,g iïnkaO jQy' ñkS ueÍu hk jpkh wfma NdIdfõ jHjydr jk neúka th tfia u Ndú;d lrk nj fï ñkSure crur wiafia u i|yka lrñ' ula ksido@ th jerÈ jokla fkdjkafka o@ uereKq ñkshla kej; urkafka flfia o@ c¾uksfha W,aßla ;%ia;jdo l,a,shl kdhsldj jQjd h' wef.a foudmshka Ñ;% l;dfõ Wm; fiùug uykaisjQ W.;=ka fom<ls' tfy;a weh .sfha fjkia u.l h' 1934 § Wmka wehf.a foudmshka wehg jhi 14 jk úg ñh f.disks' bka miq b;d úma,ùh woyia ork uydpd¾hjßhla weh yod jvd .;a;d h' c¾uksh f,dj fYaIaG;u rg h hk u;h wef.ka W,aßla W.;a;d h' mqj;am;a ld¾hd,hl whs;slrefjl= iu. tl;= jQ weh l%ufhka úma,ùh f,dalfha m%lg jQjd h' m,ia;Sk igkg o iïnkaO úh' c¾uksfha wefußldkq fid,aodÿjka urd oeóug weh iïnkaO nj Tmamq ùfuka miq weh ldurfha f., ,d f.k ñh .shd h' tfy;a th ñkS uereula nj o iel flf¾' flfia jqj o wef.a uD; lf,anrh msgq mi 4000 la msßi igka mdG lshñka .uka lf<aÆ' wehg o fmïj;=ka lSm fofkla jQy' bkaÈhdfõ f.daúkaÈkaf.a l;dj o wmQre l;djls' weh mkacdí rc mjq,lg wh;a jQjd h' weh ;u ;rd;srfï wfhl=g újdy lr §ug foudmsfhda fjfyi jQy' tfy;a weh my;a mka;sfha msßñka f.a weiqr fidhd ud,s.dfjka mek .shd h' fï ìß;ks hq.fha isxyiSj,S flfkl= f.a l;djls' bx.%Sis yuqodj o fï ldudêl ÈhKsh fiùug iydh jQ kuq;a weh md;d, f,dalfha u k;r úh' tys ießirk odußlhska lSm fofkl= u iu. iyjdih l< weh wka;su ld,fha Èú .eg .id f.k we;af;a f.du .=,s lr tajd úlsKSfuks' fufia .=,s lrk ,o f.du wo mjd bkaÈhdfõ úlsKSug we;sjd fia jqjukdfjka u ;u Ôú; wjq,a lr .kakd .eyeKq rdYshla wo o f,dj we;'